Miran: A Global Stablecoin Glut: Implications for Monetary Policy

Thank you, President Nagel and the Bundesbank, for the opportunity to meet with you today.1 I am excited to be here. I cherish opportunities to talk with groups of young people such as this. I spent most of my career as a professor and university administrator. I am glad to return to those roots a bit today. I will make sure I leave plenty of time for questions. But I would like to start by speaking with you about a topic that's been on my mind, and I bet it has been on many of yours: artificial intelligence (AI). Often, when I gather with students, consumers, or businesspeople, the conversation quickly turns to AI. And it is easy to understand why—you do not even need to ask a chatbot! AI has the potential to transform how we work and how we live, and it could have a profound effect on the economy. Today, I will talk about AI's rapid growth and how I approach thinking about AI by examining it through the lens of the dual mandate given to the Federal Reserve by the U.S. Congress. That mandate instructs America's central bank to pursue maximum employment and price stability. I will describe the effects that AI may have on both sides of that mandate. Finally, I will briefly update you on my economic outlook before turning to your questions. FED VICE CHAIR JEFFERSON SAYS FED SHOULD PROCEED SLOWLY WITH FURTHER RATE CUTS AS POLICY APPROACHES NEUTRAL RATE JEFFERSON WILL DECIDE ON HIS VOTES MEETING BY MEETING, CITES POTENTIAL LACK OF GOVERNMENT DATA DUE TO SHUTDOWN JEFFERSON SAYS AVAILABLE INFORMATION SUGGESTS NOT MUCH…

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Center for Microeconomic Data today released the October 2025 Survey of Consumer Expectations, which shows that households’ inflation expectations decreased at the short-term horizon and remained unchanged at the medium- and longer-term horizons. Unemployment rate and job finding expectations worsened, while job loss expectations slightly improved. Spending and household income growth expectations remained largely unchanged. Perceptions and expectations about credit availability improved, but respondents were somewhat less optimistic about their future household financial situation. The survey was fielded from October 1 through October 31, 2025. The main findings from the October 2025 Survey are: Inflation Median inflation expectations decreased by 0.2 percentage point to 3.2% at the one-year-ahead horizon in October. They were unchanged at the three-year- (3.0%) and five-year-ahead (3.0%) horizons. The survey’s measure of disagreement across respondents (the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles of inflation expectations) increased at all horizons. US NY Fed 1-Year Inflation Expectations Oct: 3.2% (prev 3.4%) - 3-Year Inflation Expectations: 3.0% (prev 3.0%) - 5-Year Inflation Expectations: 3.0% (prev 3.0%) NY FED: OCTOBER EXPECTATION OF FUTURE FINANCIAL SITUATION DECLINED

With a social-media post that said “STOP LYIN” about there being an affordability crisis, President Trump claims he’s whipped inflation. But consumers are still feeling the squeeze. Target’s prices are up 5.5% nationwide this year and Walmart’s are up 5.3%, according to an analysis by DataWeave, which looked at roughly 16,000 items across each retailer’s ...