-
Charted: China’s Grip on Critical Mineral Refining
China has become the world’s dominant processor of critical minerals, refining the materials that power everything from AI chips and data centers to electric vehicles and military hardware. In many cases, China’s control extends far beyond mining. The country leads refined production for 19 of the 20 minerals analyzed in this visualization, including gallium, graphite, rare earths, and lithium. The data for this visualization comes from the World Economic Forum, using International Energy Agency figures as of 2025. China’s dominance is strongest in the materials powering the global energy transition. The ... (full story)