Business activity continued to increase modestly across Japan's private sector at the end of 2025, according to the latest Flash PMI® data, compiled by S&P Global. The sustained upturn in output was accompanied by a renewed rise in new business, which occurred despite a further reduction in new export work. Improved demand conditions also supported a quicker increase in workforce numbers. Stronger cost pressures were recorded, however, which in turn led to a solid rise in selling prices. At 51.5 in December, the headline seasonally adjusted S&P Global Flash Japan PMI Composite Output Index slipped from a ... (full story)