Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, January 3, 2024   USDL-24-0001
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                               JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2023

The number of job openings changed little at 8.8 million on the last business day of November, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations 
decreased to 5.5 million and 5.3 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.5 million) edged 
down and layoffs and discharges (1.5 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the 
number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 
establishment size class.
  
Job Openings

On the last business day of November, the number of job openings changed little at 8.8 million; this 
measure is down from a series high of 12.0 million in March 2022. The job openings rate was 
unchanged at 5.3 percent. Over the month, job openings decreased in transportation, warehousing, and 
utilities (-128,000) and in federal government (-58,000). Job openings increased in wholesale trade 
(+63,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In November, the number of hires decreased to 5.5 million (-363,000). The hires rate was little changed 
at 3.5 percent. The number of hires decreased in professional and business services (-163,000).
(See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ 
willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the 
employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to 
other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in November decreased to 5.3 million (-292,000), and the rate was 
little changed at 3.4 percent. Over the month, the number of total separations decreased in professional 
and business services (-158,000) and in educational services (-28,000). (See table 3.)

In November, the number of quits edged down to 3.5 million (-157,000). The rate was little changed at 
2.2 percent. The number of quits decreased in professional and business services (-77,000) and in 
educational services (-23,000). (See table 4.)

In November, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.5 million, and the rate was 
unchanged at 1.0 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in durable goods 
manufacturing (-18,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations changed little in November at 342,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In November, the job openings, hires, and total separations rates changed little for establishments with 1 
to 9 employees. The quits rate and total separations rate increased for establishments with 5,000 or more 
employees. (See table 7.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for December 2023 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, January 30, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	10,746	8,852	8,790	6,253	5,828	5,465	5,945	5,632	5,340
Total private	9,671	7,845	7,817	5,825	5,446	5,096	5,582	5,328	5,009
Mining and logging	42	23	31	24	23	21	17	24	23
Construction	348	416	459	337	379	362	294	345	351
Manufacturing	829	561	547	407	370	358	393	376	362
Durable goods	517	362	383	222	206	214	213	208	207
Nondurable goods	312	200	164	186	164	144	181	168	155
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,531	1,299	1,276	1,253	1,137	1,057	1,299	1,134	1,107
Wholesale trade	213	217	280	172	157	141	159	133	127
Retail trade	852	550	592	706	661	602	713	670	661
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	465	532	404	375	318	313	426	331	319
Information	213	127	139	112	52	66	98	71	84
Financial activities	576	387	425	248	206	207	275	216	211
Finance and insurance	405	253	290	162	132	134	197	141	142
Real estate and rental and leasing	171	133	135	86	74	72	77	75	69
Professional and business services	2,121	1,642	1,609	1,163	1,146	983	1,166	1,164	1,006
Education and health services	2,068	1,861	1,871	863	892	872	779	814	761
Educational services	160	172	158	98	106	93	86	108	80
Health care and social assistance	1,908	1,689	1,713	765	787	779	694	706	682
Leisure and hospitality	1,629	1,240	1,143	1,203	1,037	965	1,093	987	922
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	164	183	164	160	157	141	143	135	134
Accommodation and food services	1,465	1,057	979	1,043	880	824	950	852	788
Other services	314	289	318	214	204	205	168	198	182
Government	1,075	1,008	973	428	382	369	364	304	331
Federal	138	180	122	39	41	37	40	36	39
State and local	937	827	851	389	341	331	324	268	292
State and local education	336	299	303	191	181	171	157	135	153
State and local, excluding education	601	529	549	198	160	161	167	133	138
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	6.5	5.3	5.3	4.1	3.7	3.5	3.9	3.6	3.4
Total private	6.8	5.5	5.5	4.4	4.1	3.8	4.2	4.0	3.7
Mining and logging	6.3	3.4	4.6	3.8	3.5	3.3	2.7	3.7	3.6
Construction	4.3	4.9	5.4	4.3	4.7	4.5	3.8	4.3	4.4
Manufacturing	6.0	4.1	4.0	3.1	2.8	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.8
Durable goods	6.0	4.3	4.5	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.5
Nondurable goods	6.0	4.0	3.3	3.8	3.4	3.0	3.7	3.5	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	5.1	4.3	4.2	4.4	3.9	3.7	4.5	3.9	3.8
Wholesale trade	3.4	3.4	4.4	2.9	2.6	2.3	2.6	2.2	2.1
Retail trade	5.2	3.4	3.7	4.6	4.3	3.9	4.6	4.3	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	6.0	6.8	5.3	5.2	4.4	4.3	5.9	4.6	4.4
Information	6.4	4.0	4.4	3.6	1.7	2.2	3.1	2.4	2.8
Financial activities	6.0	4.1	4.4	2.7	2.3	2.3	3.0	2.4	2.3
Finance and insurance	5.7	3.6	4.1	2.4	2.0	2.0	2.9	2.1	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	6.6	5.2	5.2	3.6	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.1	2.8
Professional and business services	8.5	6.7	6.5	5.1	5.0	4.3	5.1	5.1	4.4
Education and health services	7.7	6.8	6.8	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.0
Educational services	4.0	4.2	3.8	2.5	2.7	2.3	2.2	2.7	2.0
Health care and social assistance	8.4	7.2	7.3	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	9.1	6.9	6.4	7.4	6.2	5.7	6.7	5.9	5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	6.4	6.8	6.1	6.7	6.3	5.6	6.0	5.4	5.3
Accommodation and food services	9.6	6.9	6.4	7.5	6.2	5.8	6.8	6.0	5.5
Other services	5.2	4.7	5.1	3.7	3.5	3.5	2.9	3.4	3.1
Government	4.6	4.2	4.1	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.4
Federal	4.6	5.8	4.0	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.3
State and local	4.6	4.0	4.1	2.0	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.3	1.5
State and local education	3.2	2.7	2.8	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.4
State and local, excluding education	6.2	5.3	5.5	2.2	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.4	1.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)
Total	10,746	9,497	9,350	8,852	8,790	-62	6.5	5.7	5.6	5.3	5.3	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	9,671	8,433	8,381	7,845	7,817	-28	6.8	5.9	5.9	5.5	5.5	0.0
Mining and logging	42	30	35	23	31	8	6.3	4.5	5.2	3.4	4.6	1.2
Construction	348	375	427	416	459	43	4.3	4.5	5.1	4.9	5.4	0.5
Manufacturing	829	604	601	561	547	-14	6.0	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Durable goods	517	378	357	362	383	21	6.0	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.5	0.2
Nondurable goods	312	226	243	200	164	-36	6.0	4.5	4.8	4.0	3.3	-0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,531	1,309	1,333	1,299	1,276	-23	5.1	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Wholesale trade	213	236	233	217	280	63	3.4	3.8	3.7	3.4	4.4	1.0
Retail trade	852	651	645	550	592	42	5.2	4.0	4.0	3.4	3.7	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	465	421	455	532	404	-128	6.0	5.5	5.9	6.8	5.3	-1.5
Information	213	201	133	127	139	12	6.4	6.1	4.1	4.0	4.4	0.4
Financial activities	576	553	616	387	425	38	6.0	5.7	6.3	4.1	4.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	405	410	441	253	290	37	5.7	5.8	6.2	3.6	4.1	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	171	142	175	133	135	2	6.6	5.5	6.7	5.2	5.2	0.0
Professional and business services	2,121	1,737	1,658	1,642	1,609	-33	8.5	7.0	6.7	6.7	6.5	-0.2
Education and health services	2,068	1,971	1,906	1,861	1,871	10	7.7	7.2	6.9	6.8	6.8	0.0
Educational services	160	164	177	172	158	-14	4.0	4.0	4.3	4.2	3.8	-0.4
Health care and social assistance	1,908	1,808	1,729	1,689	1,713	24	8.4	7.7	7.4	7.2	7.3	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,629	1,233	1,359	1,240	1,143	-97	9.1	6.9	7.5	6.9	6.4	-0.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	164	166	190	183	164	-19	6.4	6.3	7.1	6.8	6.1	-0.7
Accommodation and food services	1,465	1,068	1,168	1,057	979	-78	9.6	7.0	7.6	6.9	6.4	-0.5
Other services	314	420	313	289	318	29	5.2	6.7	5.1	4.7	5.1	0.4
Government	1,075	1,064	970	1,008	973	-35	4.6	4.5	4.1	4.2	4.1	-0.1
Federal	138	174	162	180	122	-58	4.6	5.6	5.2	5.8	4.0	-1.8
State and local	937	890	808	827	851	24	4.6	4.3	3.9	4.0	4.1	0.1
State and local education	336	330	307	299	303	4	3.2	3.0	2.8	2.7	2.8	0.1
State and local, excluding education	601	560	501	529	549	20	6.2	5.7	5.1	5.3	5.5	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,645	1,548	1,571	1,523	1,494	-29	5.6	5.2	5.3	5.2	5.1	-0.1
South	4,323	3,763	3,804	3,521	3,393	-128	7.0	6.1	6.1	5.7	5.5	-0.2
Midwest	2,270	2,085	2,002	1,921	2,023	102	6.4	5.9	5.6	5.4	5.7	0.3
West	2,507	2,101	1,973	1,887	1,880	-7	6.4	5.4	5.1	4.8	4.8	0.0
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)
Total	6,253	5,850	5,904	5,828	5,465	-363	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.5	-0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,825	5,475	5,536	5,446	5,096	-350	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.1	3.8	-0.3
Mining and logging	24	27	22	23	21	-2	3.8	4.1	3.4	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Construction	337	372	309	379	362	-17	4.3	4.6	3.9	4.7	4.5	-0.2
Manufacturing	407	392	390	370	358	-12	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.8	0.0
Durable goods	222	203	214	206	214	8	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.6	0.1
Nondurable goods	186	189	176	164	144	-20	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.4	3.0	-0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,253	1,118	1,216	1,137	1,057	-80	4.4	3.9	4.2	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Wholesale trade	172	146	161	157	141	-16	2.9	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.3	-0.3
Retail trade	706	656	750	661	602	-59	4.6	4.2	4.8	4.3	3.9	-0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	375	317	305	318	313	-5	5.2	4.4	4.2	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Information	112	71	74	52	66	14	3.6	2.3	2.4	1.7	2.2	0.5
Financial activities	248	212	202	206	207	1	2.7	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	0.0
Finance and insurance	162	142	125	132	134	2	2.4	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.0	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	86	70	77	74	72	-2	3.6	2.9	3.2	3.0	2.9	-0.1
Professional and business services	1,163	1,108	1,095	1,146	983	-163	5.1	4.8	4.8	5.0	4.3	-0.7
Education and health services	863	893	863	892	872	-20	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Educational services	98	95	96	106	93	-13	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.7	2.3	-0.4
Health care and social assistance	765	798	767	787	779	-8	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.6	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,203	1,077	1,148	1,037	965	-72	7.4	6.5	6.9	6.2	5.7	-0.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	160	165	155	157	141	-16	6.7	6.7	6.2	6.3	5.6	-0.7
Accommodation and food services	1,043	911	993	880	824	-56	7.5	6.4	7.0	6.2	5.8	-0.4
Other services	214	206	217	204	205	1	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.5	0.0
Government	428	375	368	382	369	-13	1.9	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	-0.1
Federal	39	41	44	41	37	-4	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.3	-0.1
State and local	389	334	324	341	331	-10	2.0	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	0.0
State and local education	191	175	170	181	171	-10	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6	-0.1
State and local, excluding education	198	159	154	160	161	1	2.2	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	913	933	930	889	881	-8	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.1	-0.1
South	2,599	2,518	2,515	2,402	2,329	-73	4.5	4.3	4.3	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Midwest	1,300	1,200	1,185	1,232	1,160	-72	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.5	-0.2
West	1,441	1,200	1,274	1,304	1,095	-209	4.0	3.2	3.4	3.5	2.9	-0.6
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)
Total	5,945	5,687	5,595	5,632	5,340	-292	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.4	-0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,582	5,343	5,288	5,328	5,009	-319	4.2	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.7	-0.3
Mining and logging	17	26	21	24	23	-1	2.7	4.0	3.3	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Construction	294	344	312	345	351	6	3.8	4.3	3.9	4.3	4.4	0.1
Manufacturing	393	384	382	376	362	-14	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8	-0.1
Durable goods	213	192	207	208	207	-1	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.5	-0.1
Nondurable goods	181	193	175	168	155	-13	3.7	4.0	3.6	3.5	3.2	-0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,299	1,119	1,181	1,134	1,107	-27	4.5	3.9	4.1	3.9	3.8	-0.1
Wholesale trade	159	139	154	133	127	-6	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.1	-0.1
Retail trade	713	655	731	670	661	-9	4.6	4.2	4.7	4.3	4.3	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	426	325	296	331	319	-12	5.9	4.5	4.1	4.6	4.4	-0.2
Information	98	68	81	71	84	13	3.1	2.2	2.6	2.4	2.8	0.4
Financial activities	275	215	204	216	211	-5	3.0	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Finance and insurance	197	141	127	141	142	1	2.9	2.1	1.9	2.1	2.1	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	77	74	77	75	69	-6	3.2	3.0	3.2	3.1	2.8	-0.3
Professional and business services	1,166	1,123	1,067	1,164	1,006	-158	5.1	4.9	4.6	5.1	4.4	-0.7
Education and health services	779	800	766	814	761	-53	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Educational services	86	88	91	108	80	-28	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.7	2.0	-0.7
Health care and social assistance	694	712	675	706	682	-24	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.1	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,093	1,048	1,080	987	922	-65	6.7	6.3	6.5	5.9	5.5	-0.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	143	160	167	135	134	-1	6.0	6.5	6.7	5.4	5.3	-0.1
Accommodation and food services	950	888	914	852	788	-64	6.8	6.3	6.4	6.0	5.5	-0.5
Other services	168	215	194	198	182	-16	2.9	3.7	3.3	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Government	364	344	306	304	331	27	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.3	1.4	0.1
Federal	40	32	41	36	39	3	1.4	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.3	0.1
State and local	324	312	266	268	292	24	1.7	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.5	0.2
State and local education	157	165	136	135	153	18	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.4	0.1
State and local, excluding education	167	148	129	133	138	5	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.5	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	797	752	781	989	819	-170	2.9	2.7	2.8	3.5	2.9	-0.6
South	2,412	2,402	2,366	2,320	2,097	-223	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.6	-0.4
Midwest	1,183	1,291	1,191	1,129	1,170	41	3.6	3.9	3.6	3.4	3.5	0.1
West	1,554	1,241	1,256	1,193	1,255	62	4.3	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.4	0.2
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)
Total	4,148	3,663	3,646	3,628	3,471	-157	2.7	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,932	3,455	3,460	3,448	3,281	-167	3.0	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.4	-0.2
Mining and logging	11	15	12	14	14	0	1.7	2.3	1.8	2.2	2.2	0.0
Construction	135	159	138	173	173	0	1.7	2.0	1.7	2.2	2.2	0.0
Manufacturing	267	230	231	234	236	2	2.1	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	0.0
Durable goods	143	107	123	127	140	13	1.8	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.7	0.1
Nondurable goods	125	123	108	107	96	-11	2.5	2.5	2.2	2.2	2.0	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,002	759	826	774	759	-15	3.5	2.6	2.9	2.7	2.6	-0.1
Wholesale trade	101	97	84	80	71	-9	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Retail trade	598	466	554	491	485	-6	3.9	3.0	3.6	3.2	3.1	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	303	196	188	203	203	0	4.2	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.8	0.0
Information	41	23	45	44	42	-2	1.3	0.7	1.5	1.4	1.4	0.0
Financial activities	131	141	133	124	124	0	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4	0.0
Finance and insurance	82	94	92	88	83	-5	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	49	47	41	35	42	7	2.0	1.9	1.7	1.4	1.7	0.3
Professional and business services	733	617	591	676	599	-77	3.2	2.7	2.6	2.9	2.6	-0.3
Education and health services	619	575	550	570	543	-27	2.5	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.1	-0.1
Educational services	54	52	58	74	51	-23	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.9	1.3	-0.6
Health care and social assistance	565	523	492	496	492	-4	2.7	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.3	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	884	812	814	727	682	-45	5.4	4.9	4.9	4.3	4.1	-0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	78	105	86	71	69	-2	3.3	4.2	3.5	2.8	2.7	-0.1
Accommodation and food services	807	707	729	656	613	-43	5.8	5.0	5.1	4.6	4.3	-0.3
Other services	108	125	120	113	109	-4	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9	1.8	-0.1
Government	217	208	186	180	190	10	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Federal	19	15	18	16	17	1	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.1
State and local	198	193	168	164	173	9	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.1
State and local education	100	92	87	80	90	10	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.1
State and local, excluding education	98	101	81	84	83	-1	1.1	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	504	418	489	516	491	-25	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.8	1.8	0.0
South	1,760	1,669	1,632	1,592	1,411	-181	3.1	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.4	-0.3
Midwest	798	802	738	771	810	39	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.4	0.1
West	1,087	774	787	750	759	9	3.0	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)
Total	1,485	1,682	1,610	1,643	1,527	-116	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,409	1,592	1,542	1,561	1,446	-115	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Mining and logging	5	9	9	7	7	0	0.8	1.4	1.4	1.0	1.2	0.2
Construction	146	175	157	163	171	8	1.9	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.1	0.1
Manufacturing	101	136	131	122	103	-19	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Durable goods	53	76	70	67	49	-18	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.6	-0.2
Nondurable goods	47	60	61	55	54	-1	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	255	290	290	285	295	10	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
Wholesale trade	49	33	64	47	47	0	0.8	0.5	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.0
Retail trade	96	154	136	131	148	17	0.6	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	110	103	90	108	100	-8	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	-0.1
Information	46	28	24	15	32	17	1.5	0.9	0.8	0.5	1.0	0.5
Financial activities	122	48	55	62	58	-4	1.3	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.6	-0.1
Finance and insurance	102	27	24	38	37	-1	1.5	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	19	21	31	24	21	-3	0.8	0.9	1.3	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Professional and business services	360	431	401	409	343	-66	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.5	-0.3
Education and health services	133	183	174	196	163	-33	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.6	-0.2
Educational services	22	34	28	30	24	-6	0.6	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.6	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	111	149	146	167	139	-28	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.6	-0.2
Leisure and hospitality	187	217	240	236	215	-21	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	63	52	78	61	62	1	2.7	2.1	3.1	2.4	2.5	0.1
Accommodation and food services	124	165	162	175	153	-22	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Other services	55	75	61	66	59	-7	1.0	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Government	75	90	68	82	81	-1	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.0
Federal	7	6	8	8	8	0	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
State and local	69	84	60	74	73	-1	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local education	29	52	34	46	40	-6	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local, excluding education	40	32	26	28	33	5	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	239	265	227	401	255	-146	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.4	0.9	-0.5
South	548	599	632	570	559	-11	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Midwest	327	437	389	299	296	-3	1.0	1.3	1.2	0.9	0.9	0.0
West	372	381	362	373	417	44	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.1
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)
Total	312	342	339	361	342	-19	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	240	295	286	319	283	-36	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	1	1	1	3	1	-2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.2	-0.2
Construction	14	10	16	10	7	-3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Manufacturing	26	18	20	20	23	3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Durable goods	17	8	14	14	18	4	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Nondurable goods	9	10	6	6	5	-1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	41	70	65	75	53	-22	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Wholesale trade	9	9	6	7	8	1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Retail trade	19	36	41	48	28	-20	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	13	26	18	20	17	-3	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Information	12	17	12	12	10	-2	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Financial activities	22	26	16	30	29	-1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0
Finance and insurance	14	20	11	15	23	8	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	9	5	5	15	6	-9	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.6	0.2	-0.4
Professional and business services	72	76	76	79	64	-15	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
Education and health services	27	42	42	48	55	7	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Educational services	9	3	5	4	5	1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Health care and social assistance	18	39	37	44	50	6	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	21	19	26	23	25	2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	3	3	3	3	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Accommodation and food services	20	16	23	21	22	1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other services	5	16	13	19	14	-5	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Government	72	47	53	42	60	18	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Federal	14	11	15	11	14	3	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.1
State and local	58	36	38	31	46	15	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local education	29	21	15	10	24	14	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
State and local, excluding education	29	15	23	21	22	1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	54	69	65	73	72	-1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0
South	104	133	102	159	127	-32	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Midwest	58	53	64	59	64	5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
West	95	87	108	70	79	9	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	9,671	8,433	8,381	7,845	7,817	-28	6.8	5.9	5.9	5.5	5.5	0.0
1 to 9 employees	1,724	1,699	1,930	1,691	1,724	33	7.2	7.5	8.3	7.4	7.4	0.0
10 to 49 employees	3,018	2,326	2,456	2,284	2,402	118	6.6	5.4	5.4	5.2	5.1	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	2,761	2,400	2,219	2,057	1,894	-163	6.9	5.6	5.4	5.0	4.8	-0.2
250 to 999 employees	1,180	1,107	950	1,008	1,008	0	6.4	5.7	5.1	5.1	5.3	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	665	607	584	577	556	-21	7.1	6.6	6.5	5.9	6.4	0.5
5,000 or more employees	322	294	242	228	232	4	7.5	6.3	5.3	5.0	4.9	-0.1
HIRES
Total private	5,825	5,475	5,536	5,446	5,096	-350	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.1	3.8	-0.3
1 to 9 employees	715	836	889	895	947	52	3.2	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.4	0.2
10 to 49 employees	1,997	1,635	1,678	1,603	1,526	-77	4.7	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.4	-0.4
50 to 249 employees	1,856	1,791	1,808	1,752	1,470	-282	5.0	4.4	4.6	4.5	3.9	-0.6
250 to 999 employees	807	808	752	794	760	-34	4.7	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.3	0.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	370	323	325	323	317	-6	4.3	3.7	3.9	3.5	3.9	0.4
5,000 or more employees	80	82	84	78	75	-3	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.7	-0.1
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,582	5,343	5,288	5,328	5,009	-319	4.2	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.7	-0.3
1 to 9 employees	813	763	760	799	680	-119	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.8	3.2	-0.6
10 to 49 employees	1,776	1,631	1,747	1,610	1,620	10	4.2	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.6	-0.3
50 to 249 employees	1,753	1,711	1,738	1,731	1,588	-143	4.7	4.2	4.5	4.5	4.2	-0.3
250 to 999 employees	800	842	700	772	739	-33	4.6	4.6	3.9	4.1	4.1	0.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	372	328	280	363	317	-46	4.3	3.8	3.3	4.0	3.9	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	67	68	64	53	66	13	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.2	1.5	0.3
QUITS
Total private	3,932	3,455	3,460	3,448	3,281	-167	3.0	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.4	-0.2
1 to 9 employees	525	465	362	486	446	-40	2.4	2.2	1.7	2.3	2.1	-0.2
10 to 49 employees	1,337	1,072	1,292	1,091	1,134	43	3.1	2.6	3.0	2.6	2.5	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,261	1,197	1,197	1,110	1,050	-60	3.4	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.8	-0.1
250 to 999 employees	522	506	418	503	434	-69	3.0	2.8	2.4	2.7	2.4	-0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	243	173	154	226	174	-52	2.8	2.0	1.8	2.5	2.1	-0.4
5,000 or more employees	43	43	38	32	42	10	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.2
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,409	1,592	1,542	1,561	1,446	-115	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	210	203	319	231	203	-28	0.9	1.0	1.5	1.1	0.9	-0.2
10 to 49 employees	384	482	370	421	372	-49	0.9	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.8	-0.2
50 to 249 employees	440	452	472	543	468	-75	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.4	1.2	-0.2
250 to 999 employees	251	304	255	241	264	23	1.5	1.7	1.4	1.3	1.5	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	110	133	108	112	124	12	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.5	0.3
5,000 or more employees	15	17	17	13	15	2	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.0
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	240	295	286	319	283	-36	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	79	95	79	82	31	-51	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.1	-0.3
10 to 49 employees	55	76	85	98	114	16	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
50 to 249 employees	52	62	69	78	70	-8	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	26	32	28	27	41	14	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	19	22	18	26	18	-8	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	9	9	8	9	8	-1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)
Total	10,031	9,315	8,140	6.1	5.6	4.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,999	8,382	7,201	6.3	5.9	5.1
Mining and logging	41	23	33	6.1	3.4	4.8
Construction	283	441	390	3.5	5.1	4.6
Manufacturing	811	573	547	5.9	4.2	4.0
Durable goods	507	368	384	5.9	4.3	4.5
Nondurable goods	303	205	163	5.8	4.0	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,418	1,417	1,130	4.6	4.7	3.7
Wholesale trade	191	222	257	3.1	3.5	4.0
Retail trade	775	658	494	4.7	4.1	3.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	451	537	379	5.7	6.9	4.8
Information	199	123	126	5.9	3.9	4.0
Financial activities	547	438	397	5.7	4.6	4.1
Finance and insurance	389	289	274	5.5	4.1	3.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	157	149	123	6.1	5.7	4.8
Professional and business services	1,939	1,795	1,482	7.8	7.2	6.0
Education and health services	1,963	2,009	1,768	7.3	7.2	6.3
Educational services	150	181	143	3.6	4.2	3.3
Health care and social assistance	1,814	1,827	1,624	8.0	7.7	6.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,506	1,263	1,043	8.6	7.0	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	142	183	126	5.9	6.9	5.1
Accommodation and food services	1,364	1,080	916	9.0	7.1	6.1
Other services	293	301	286	4.8	4.9	4.6
Government	1,032	933	939	4.3	3.9	3.9
Federal	135	163	117	4.5	5.2	3.8
State and local	898	770	821	4.3	3.7	3.9
State and local education	316	280	286	2.9	2.5	2.5
State and local, excluding education	581	490	536	6.0	5.0	5.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,537	1,589	1,378	5.2	5.3	4.6
South	3,988	3,693	3,085	6.4	5.9	5.0
Midwest	2,105	1,975	1,903	6.0	5.5	5.3
West	2,401	2,058	1,774	6.1	5.2	4.5
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)
Total	5,789	6,235	4,947	3.7	3.9	3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,448	5,883	4,654	4.1	4.4	3.4
Mining and logging	19	23	17	3.1	3.5	2.6
Construction	247	397	271	3.1	4.8	3.3
Manufacturing	348	373	303	2.7	2.9	2.3
Durable goods	190	209	184	2.4	2.6	2.3
Nondurable goods	158	164	119	3.2	3.4	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,569	1,399	1,309	5.4	4.8	4.5
Wholesale trade	141	165	113	2.3	2.7	1.9
Retail trade	841	760	702	5.3	4.9	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	587	474	493	7.9	6.5	6.6
Information	106	63	64	3.4	2.1	2.1
Financial activities	221	223	183	2.4	2.4	2.0
Finance and insurance	147	144	122	2.2	2.1	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	73	79	61	3.0	3.2	2.5
Professional and business services	1,062	1,223	894	4.6	5.3	3.8
Education and health services	715	961	710	2.9	3.7	2.7
Educational services	69	112	59	1.7	2.7	1.4
Health care and social assistance	647	849	652	3.1	3.9	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	994	1,021	747	6.2	6.1	4.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	111	116	93	4.9	4.7	3.9
Accommodation and food services	883	906	654	6.4	6.4	4.6
Other services	167	201	157	2.9	3.4	2.7
Government	341	352	293	1.5	1.5	1.3
Federal	49	43	43	1.7	1.5	1.5
State and local	291	309	250	1.5	1.5	1.2
State and local education	129	166	116	1.2	1.5	1.0
State and local, excluding education	162	143	134	1.8	1.5	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	804	919	757	2.9	3.3	2.7
South	2,395	2,573	2,107	4.1	4.4	3.6
Midwest	1,225	1,277	1,053	3.7	3.8	3.1
West	1,365	1,467	1,030	3.7	3.9	2.7
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)
Total	5,276	5,689	4,660	3.4	3.6	2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,012	5,414	4,422	3.8	4.0	3.3
Mining and logging	14	24	18	2.2	3.7	2.8
Construction	299	377	359	3.8	4.6	4.4
Manufacturing	325	366	297	2.5	2.8	2.3
Durable goods	168	201	169	2.1	2.5	2.1
Nondurable goods	157	165	128	3.2	3.4	2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,199	1,120	1,004	4.1	3.9	3.4
Wholesale trade	143	133	104	2.4	2.2	1.7
Retail trade	663	659	605	4.2	4.2	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	393	329	295	5.3	4.5	4.0
Information	86	70	73	2.7	2.3	2.4
Financial activities	210	205	177	2.3	2.2	1.9
Finance and insurance	147	131	119	2.2	2.0	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	63	74	57	2.6	3.0	2.3
Professional and business services	1,096	1,145	930	4.8	4.9	4.0
Education and health services	633	789	612	2.5	3.0	2.3
Educational services	53	79	46	1.3	1.9	1.1
Health care and social assistance	580	711	566	2.8	3.3	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,004	1,128	806	6.3	6.8	4.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	167	176	155	7.4	7.1	6.6
Accommodation and food services	836	952	651	6.1	6.7	4.6
Other services	146	190	148	2.5	3.2	2.5
Government	264	274	238	1.2	1.2	1.0
Federal	35	39	35	1.2	1.3	1.2
State and local	230	235	203	1.2	1.2	1.0
State and local education	85	97	84	0.8	0.9	0.8
State and local, excluding education	145	138	120	1.6	1.5	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	715	998	729	2.6	3.5	2.6
South	2,077	2,339	1,748	3.6	4.0	3.0
Midwest	1,111	1,160	1,075	3.3	3.4	3.2
West	1,373	1,191	1,108	3.7	3.2	3.0
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)
Total	3,589	3,703	2,911	2.3	2.3	1.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,425	3,536	2,767	2.6	2.6	2.0
Mining and logging	8	15	11	1.3	2.3	1.6
Construction	103	181	141	1.3	2.2	1.7
Manufacturing	206	230	181	1.6	1.8	1.4
Durable goods	104	122	107	1.3	1.5	1.3
Nondurable goods	102	108	74	2.1	2.2	1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	921	798	681	3.1	2.8	2.3
Wholesale trade	88	80	51	1.5	1.3	0.8
Retail trade	552	513	440	3.5	3.3	2.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	281	205	189	3.8	2.8	2.5
Information	36	43	36	1.2	1.4	1.2
Financial activities	116	121	109	1.3	1.3	1.2
Finance and insurance	69	85	69	1.0	1.3	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	48	37	40	2.0	1.5	1.6
Professional and business services	658	705	536	2.9	3.0	2.3
Education and health services	514	580	445	2.1	2.2	1.7
Educational services	36	60	32	0.9	1.5	0.8
Health care and social assistance	478	521	414	2.3	2.4	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	780	752	556	4.9	4.5	3.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	62	70	50	2.8	2.8	2.1
Accommodation and food services	718	682	506	5.2	4.8	3.6
Other services	82	109	72	1.4	1.9	1.2
Government	164	166	144	0.7	0.7	0.6
Federal	17	17	15	0.6	0.6	0.5
State and local	146	150	129	0.7	0.7	0.6
State and local education	61	60	55	0.6	0.5	0.5
State and local, excluding education	85	90	74	0.9	1.0	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	434	523	412	1.6	1.9	1.5
South	1,511	1,638	1,169	2.6	2.8	2.0
Midwest	704	793	707	2.1	2.4	2.1
West	940	748	624	2.6	2.0	1.7
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)
Total	1,435	1,637	1,456	0.9	1.0	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,382	1,566	1,402	1.0	1.2	1.0
Mining and logging	5	6	6	0.7	1.0	1.0
Construction	183	186	212	2.3	2.3	2.6
Manufacturing	99	119	96	0.8	0.9	0.7
Durable goods	52	67	46	0.6	0.8	0.6
Nondurable goods	47	53	50	1.0	1.1	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	239	247	275	0.8	0.9	0.9
Wholesale trade	46	46	45	0.8	0.8	0.7
Retail trade	93	101	139	0.6	0.7	0.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	101	99	91	1.3	1.4	1.2
Information	39	14	27	1.2	0.5	0.9
Financial activities	84	63	46	0.9	0.7	0.5
Finance and insurance	71	34	31	1.1	0.5	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	13	29	15	0.6	1.2	0.6
Professional and business services	368	363	335	1.6	1.6	1.4
Education and health services	101	168	124	0.4	0.6	0.5
Educational services	12	16	12	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health care and social assistance	88	152	112	0.4	0.7	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	204	339	218	1.3	2.0	1.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	103	103	101	4.6	4.2	4.3
Accommodation and food services	100	236	117	0.7	1.7	0.8
Other services	62	60	65	1.1	1.0	1.1
Government	53	71	53	0.2	0.3	0.2
Federal	7	11	8	0.2	0.4	0.3
State and local	47	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local education	11	29	17	0.1	0.3	0.2
State and local, excluding education	36	30	28	0.4	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	238	400	254	0.9	1.4	0.9
South	484	540	474	0.8	0.9	0.8
Midwest	362	316	317	1.1	0.9	0.9
West	352	381	411	1.0	1.0	1.1
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)
Total	252	349	293	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	205	312	253	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	3	1	0.1	0.4	0.2
Construction	13	9	6	0.2	0.1	0.1
Manufacturing	20	17	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	12	12	16	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	8	5	4	0.2	0.1	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	38	75	48	0.1	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	9	7	8	0.1	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	18	44	25	0.1	0.3	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	12	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Information	11	13	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Financial activities	10	21	22	0.1	0.2	0.2
Finance and insurance	7	12	20	0.1	0.2	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	2	9	3	0.1	0.4	0.1
Professional and business services	71	76	59	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	19	41	43	0.1	0.2	0.2
Educational services	5	3	3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	14	38	40	0.1	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	20	37	32	0.1	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	3	4	0.1	0.1	0.2
Accommodation and food services	18	34	29	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other services	2	20	11	0.0	0.3	0.2
Government	47	37	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	11	12	11	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	36	25	29	0.2	0.1	0.1
State and local education	13	7	12	0.1	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	24	18	18	0.3	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	42	74	64	0.2	0.3	0.2
South	83	163	106	0.1	0.3	0.2
Midwest	45	50	51	0.1	0.1	0.2
West	82	62	73	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	8,999	8,382	7,201	6.3	5.9	5.1
1 to 9 employees	1,430	1,999	1,461	6.0	8.5	6.3
10 to 49 employees	2,794	2,395	2,235	6.1	5.4	4.7
50 to 249 employees	2,624	2,083	1,757	6.5	5.1	4.4
250 to 999 employees	1,148	1,061	966	6.2	5.4	5.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	669	607	543	7.1	6.2	6.2
5,000 or more employees	333	236	240	7.7	5.1	5.1
HIRES
Total private	5,448	5,883	4,654	4.1	4.4	3.4
1 to 9 employees	557	1,031	740	2.5	4.8	3.4
10 to 49 employees	1,783	1,634	1,336	4.2	3.9	3.0
50 to 249 employees	1,763	1,801	1,358	4.7	4.6	3.6
250 to 999 employees	841	895	775	4.9	4.8	4.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	428	432	376	4.9	4.7	4.6
5,000 or more employees	77	89	71	1.9	2.0	1.6
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,012	5,414	4,422	3.8	4.0	3.3
1 to 9 employees	696	831	550	3.1	3.9	2.5
10 to 49 employees	1,571	1,618	1,406	3.7	3.9	3.1
50 to 249 employees	1,617	1,754	1,432	4.3	4.5	3.8
250 to 999 employees	722	785	665	4.2	4.2	3.7
1,000 to 4,999 employees	348	369	314	4.0	4.0	3.8
5,000 or more employees	58	57	57	1.4	1.3	1.3
QUITS
Total private	3,425	3,536	2,767	2.6	2.6	2.0
1 to 9 employees	409	536	321	1.8	2.5	1.5
10 to 49 employees	1,157	1,094	957	2.7	2.6	2.1
50 to 249 employees	1,126	1,112	901	3.0	2.8	2.4
250 to 999 employees	473	521	381	2.7	2.8	2.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	224	238	171	2.6	2.6	2.1
5,000 or more employees	36	35	36	0.9	0.8	0.8
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,382	1,566	1,402	1.0	1.2	1.0
1 to 9 employees	218	215	201	1.0	1.0	0.9
10 to 49 employees	369	428	343	0.9	1.0	0.8
50 to 249 employees	449	570	472	1.2	1.5	1.2
250 to 999 employees	227	239	246	1.3	1.3	1.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	106	102	127	1.2	1.1	1.5
5,000 or more employees	13	13	14	0.3	0.3	0.3
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	205	312	253	0.2	0.2	0.2
1 to 9 employees	70	81	27	0.3	0.4	0.1
10 to 49 employees	45	96	106	0.1	0.2	0.2
50 to 249 employees	42	72	59	0.1	0.2	0.2
250 to 999 employees	22	25	38	0.1	0.1	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	18	29	16	0.2	0.3	0.2
5,000 or more employees	8	9	7	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.